Posted by M. Riskiyanto
CHAPTER 3
PASSIVE VOICE
(KALIMAT PASIF)
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas : IX (SEMBILAN)
Semester : 2 / Genap
Kompetensi Dasar :
3.8 menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian tanpa perlu menyebutkan pelakunya sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya. (perhatikan unsur kebahasaan passive voice).
4.8 menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis sangat pendek dan sederhana yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian tanpa perlu menyebutkan pelakunya dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks. (perhatikan unsur kebahasaan passive voice).
A. Pengertian Active - Passive Voice
Active Voice atau kalimat aktif merupakan kalimat yang dimana subjek aktif melakukan suatu tindakan atau aksi (subject as a doer). Sebaliknya Passive Voice atau kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang mana subjek tidak melakukan suatu tindakan atau aksi, melainkan menunjukkan objek yang menerima tindakan atau aksi oleh subjek.
Active Voice memuat unsur tata bahasa “Subject + Verb + Object” atau dalam bahasa Indonesia “S-P-O-K” yang mana Verb atau kata kerja dalam kalimat tersebut bermakna/berimbuhan “me- atau ber-“. Sedangkan, Passive Voice memuat unsur tata bahasa “Object + be + Verb 3 + by Subject” yang mana Verb atau kata kerja dalam kalimat tersebut bermakna/berimbuhan “di- atau ter-”.
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Subject + Verb + Object ... (Adverb) | Object + be + Verb 3 + by Subject ... (Adverb) |
Contoh :
§ Active Voice : Maria watersthis plant every day. (Maria menyiramitanaman ini setiap hari)
Passive Voice : This plant is watered by Maria every day ( Tanaman ini disiram oleh Maria setiap hari).
§ Active Voice : Maria met Mirna yesterday. (Maria menemui Mirna kemarin)
Passive Voice : Mirna was met by Maria yesterday ( Mirna ditemui Maria kemarin).
B. Perubahan Kalimat Aktif Menjadi Kalimat Pasif
Perubahan active voice (kalimat aktif) menjadi passive voice (kalimat pasif) harus memerhatikan ketentuan-ketentuan sebagai berikut.
1. Kalimat aktif yang bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif harus memiliki objek, atau berupa kalimat aktif yang mengandung transitive verbs (kata kerja yang memerlukan objek langsung (direct object)) seperti make, bring, buy, write dan sebagainya. Objek kalimat umumnya berupa noun (kata benda) ataupun pronoun (kata ganti).
*) Sebaliknya, kalimat aktif yang mengandung intransitive verbs (kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan objek langsung) seperti live, cry, swim, go, arrive, dan die tidak bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif. Umumnya intransitive verb diikuti dengan adverb (kata keterangan).
Contoh :
§ Active Voice : Maria brings a book (objeknya adalah a book & bring: transitive verb, maka kalimat tersebut bisa diubah ke kalimat pasif)
§ Active Voice: Maria stays at home this weekend (tidak ada objek; kata “at home this weekend” merupakan kata keterangan (Adverb) & stay: intransitive verb. Jadi kalimat tersebut tidak dapat diubah ke kalimat pasif).
2. Ubahlah posisi Subjek dan Objek kalimat aktif, yaitu Subjek ditempatkan di belakang dengan disertai “by” sebelumnya, kemudian Objek ditempatkan di depan kalimat. Contoh:
§ Active voice: (S) Erika (V) writes (O) a letter(Adverb) every week for his parents.
§ Passive voice: (O) A letter (V) is written (S) by Erika (Adverb) every week for his parents.
3. Ubahlah Verb atau kata kerja pada kalimat menjadi pola “be + V3”. Perhatikan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan dalam kalimat aktif, apakah berbentuk present, past, continuous, perfect, atau future. Perhatikan contoh berikut!
| Tense | Active Sentence | Passive Sentence |
| Present | Andy sends a letter to me | A letter is sent by Andy to me |
| Past | Andy sent a letter to me | A letter was sent by Andy to me |
| Continuous | Andy is sending a letter to me | A letter is being sent by Andy to me |
| Perfect | Andy has sent a letter to me | A letter has been sent by Andy to me |
| Future | Andy will send a letter to me | A letter will be sent by Andy to me |
*Catatan:
To be “is/am/are” atau “was/were” dan Auxiliary Verb “has/have” dalam kalimat pasif tergantung pada bentuk objek, yaitu apakah objek Plural (jamak), atau Singular (Tunggal) dan jenis tenses yang digunakan.
Lihat juga >>> Noun: Singular & Plural
C. Rumus Active Voice into Passive Voice
Untuk membentuk passive voice (kalimat pasif), perhatikan verb (kata kerja) atau jenis tensesyang digunakan dalam kalimat aktif tersebut. “Be” pada kalimat pasif menyesuaikan dengan objek, yaitu apakah singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak).
a. Kalimat Positif (Positive)
| Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Simple Present | (+)S + Verb-1/ Verb-s/es + O | (+) O + be (is, am, are) + Verb-3 + by S |
| 2. Present Continuous | (+) S + is/am/are + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + be (is, am, are) + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 3. Present Perfect | (+) S + have/has + Verb-3 + O | (+) O + have/has + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 4. Present Perfect Continuous | (+) S + have/has + been + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + have/has + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 5. Simple Past | (+) S + Verb-2 + O | (+) O + to be (was/were) + Verb-3 + by S |
| 6. Past Continuous | (+) S + was/were + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + to be (was/were) + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 7. Past Perfect | (+) S + had + Verb-3 + O | (+) O + had + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 8. Past Perfect Continuous | (+) S + had + been + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + had + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 9. Simple Future | (+) S + will/shall + Verb-1 + O | (+) O + will/shall + be + Verb-3 + by S |
| 10. Future Continuous | (+) S + will + be + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + will + be + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 11. Future Perfect | (+) S + will + have + Verb-3 + O | (+) O + will + have + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 12. Future Perfect Continuous | (+) S + will + have + been + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + will + have + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 13. Simple Past Future | (+) S + would/ should + Verb-1 + O | (+) O + would/ should + be + Verb-3 + by S |
| 14. Past Future Continuous | (+) S + would/ should + be + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + would/ should + be + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 15. Past Future Perfect | (+) S + would/ should + have + Verb-3 + O | (+) O + would/ should + have + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous | (+) S + would/ should + have + been + Verb-ing + O | (+) O + would/ should + have + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 17. Modals | (+) S + can/ may/ must/ ought to + Verb-1 + O | (+) O + can/ may/ must/ ought to + be Verb-3 + by S |
*Keterangan:
§ Penggunaan passive voice (kalimat pasif) dengan perfect continuous tenses biasanya jarang dilakukan karena menghasilkan struktur kalimat yang terlalu kompleks (sulit dipahami).
§ Penggunaan be menyesuaikan dengan subjek dan jenis tenses yang digunakan:
1) I menggunakan am; was; have;
2) He, she, it, nama orang tunggal, subjek singular (tunggal) menggunakan is; was; has;
3) You, They, We, nama orang banyak, subjek plural (jamak) menggunakan are; were; have;
4) “Had” pada past perfect dapat digunakan untuk semua subjek;
5) “will/ would” (lebih umum digunakan) pada future tense dapat digunakan semua subjek; sedangkan shall hanya untuk subjek I & We (jarang digunakan);
6) Modal (can, could, may, might, ...) dapat digunakan oleh semua subjek.
b. Kalimat Negatif (Negative)
Bentuk kalimat negatif dari active voice atau passive voice ditandai dengan adanya “not” sesudah auxiliary verb, seperti be (is, am, are, was, were) ataupun modal (can, could, shall, should, will, would, dan lain-lain)
| Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Simple Present | (-) S + do/does not + Verb-1 + O | (-) O + be (is, am, are) not + Verb-3 + by S |
| 2. Present Continuous | (-) S + is/am/are not + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + be (is, am, are) not + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 3. Present Perfect | (-) S + have/has not + Verb-3 + O | (+) O + have/has not + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 4. Present Perfect Continuous | (-) S + have/has not + been + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + have/has not + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 5. Simple Past | (-) S + did not Verb-1 + O | (-) O + to be (was/were) not + Verb-3 + by S |
| 6. Past Continuous | (-) S + was/were not + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + to be (was/were) not + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 7. Past Perfect | (-) S + had not + Verb-3 + O | (-) O + had not + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 8. Past Perfect Continuous | (-) S + had not + been + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + had not + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 9. Simple Future | (-) S + will/shall not + Verb-1 + O | (-) O + will/shall not + be + Verb-3 + by S |
| 10. Future Continuous | (-) S + will not + be + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + will not + be + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 11. Future Perfect | (-) S + will not + have + Verb-3 + O | (-) O + will not + have + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 12. Future Perfect Continuous | (-) S + will not + have + been + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + will not + have + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 13. Simple Past Future | (-) S + would/ should not + Verb-1 + O | (-) O + would/ should not + be + Verb-3 + by S |
| 14. Past Future Continuous | (-) S + would/ should not + be + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + would/ should not + be + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 15. Past Future Perfect | (-) S + would/ should not + have + Verb-3 + O | (-) O + would/ should not + have + been + Verb-3 + by S |
| 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous | (-) S + would/ should not + have + been + Verb-ing + O | (-) O + would/ should not + have + been + being + Verb-3 + by S |
| 17. Modals | (+) S + can/ may/ must not to + Verb-1 + O | (+) O + can/ may/ must not + be Verb-3 + by S |
*Keterangan:
Pada kalimat negatif auxiliary verb seperti be (is, am, are, was, were), do/does/did, have/has/had, will/shall, dan modal disingkat dengan “not”. Contoh: “is not” menjadi “isn’t”, “are not” menjadi “aren’t”, “was not” menjadi “wasn’t”, dan lain-lain. Lebih lengkapnya silahkan buka link berikut.
Lihat juga >>> Contraction
c. Kalimat Pertanyaan (Interrogative)
Kalimat pertanyaan atau interrogative sentence/question pada umumnya ditandai dengan adanya auxiliary verb yang mengawali kalimat dan pastinya terdapat question mark “?” di akhir kalimat. Selain itu, kalimat pertanyaan juga dapat di awali dengan question word (kata tanya), seperti what, where, when, why, dan lain-lain.
| Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Simple Present | (?) Do/does + S + Verb-1 + O? | (?) be (is, am, are) + O + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 2. Present Continuous | (?) is/am/are + S + Verb-ing + O? | (?) be (is, am, are) + O + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 3. Present Perfect | (?) have/has + S + Verb-3 + O? | (?) have/has + O + been + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 4. Present Perfect Continuous | (?)have/has + S + been + Verb-ing + O? | (?) have/has + O + been + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 5. Simple Past | (?) Did + S + Verb-1 + O? | (?) be (was/were) + O + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 6. Past Continuous | (?) was/were + S + Verb-ing + O? | (?) be (was/were) + O + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 7. Past Perfect | (?) had + S + Verb-3 + O? | (?) had + O + been + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 8. Past Perfect Continuous | (?) had + S + been + Verb-ing + O? | (?) had + O + been + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 9. Simple Future | (?) will/shall + S + Verb-1 + O? | (?) will/shall + O + be + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 10. Future Continuous | (?) will + S + be + Verb-ing + O? | (?) will + O + be + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 11. Future Perfect | (?) will + S + have + Verb-3 + O? | (?) will + O + have + been + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 12. Future Perfect Continuous | (?) will + S + have + been + Verb-ing + O? | (?) will + O + have + been + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 13. Simple Past Future | (?) would/ should + S + Verb-1 + O? | (?) would/ should + O + be + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 14. Past Future Continuous | (?) would/ should + S + be + Verb-ing + O? | (?) would/ should + O + be + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 15. Past Future Perfect | (?) would/ should + S + have + Verb-3 + O? | (?) would/ should + O + have + been + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous | (?) would/ should + S + have + been + Verb-ing + O? | (?) would/ should + O + have + been + being + Verb-3 + by S? |
| 17. Modals | (?) can/ may/ must + S + Verb-1 + O? | (?) can/ may/ must + O + be Verb-3 + by S? |
*Keterangan:
Pada kalimat pertanyaan selalu diawali dengan: 1) auxiliary verb seperti be (is, am, are, was, were), do/does/did, have/has/had, will/shall, dan modal (can, could, shall, should, will, would, dll) ataupun 2) question word (what, when, why, where, how, dll). Selain itu, tanda question mark “?” selalu terdapat di akhir kalimat. Lebih lengkapnya silahkan buka link berikut.
Lihat juga >>> Yes/No Question & Wh/H Question
D. Rumus Passive Voice dengan Get
Pada percakapan informal, “get” seringkali digunakan pada kalimat pasif untuk menggantikan to be (am/is/are). Kemudian, bentuk get yang digunakan juga harus disesuaikan dengan tense pada kalimat.
| Tense | Rumus Passive Voice | Contoh Passive Voice |
| Simple Present | get/gets + Verb 3 | get treated |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are getting + Verb 3 | is getting treated |
| Simple Past | got + Verb 3 | got treated |
| Past Continuous | was/were getting + Verb 3 | was getting treated |
| Present Perfect | has/have gotten + Verb 3 | has gotten treated |
| Past Perfect | had gotten + Verb 3 | had gotten treated |
| Simple Future | will get + Verb 3 | will get treated |
| Future Continuous | am/is/are going to get + Verb 3 | is going to get treated |
| Future Perfect | will have gotten + Verb 3 | will have gotten treated |
Contoh Perubahan Active Voice ke Passive Voice dengan Get
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Simple Present | Mike makes a kite | A kite gets made by Mike |
| Present Continuous | Mike is making a kite | A kite is getting made by Mike |
| Simple Past | Mike made a kite | A kite got made by Mike |
| Past Continuous | Mike was making a kite | A kite was getting made by Mike |
| Present Perfect | Mike has made a kite | A kite has got made by Mike |
| Past Perfect | Mike had made a kite | A kite had got made by Mike |
| Simple Future | Mike will make a kite | A kite will get made by Mike |
| | Mike is going to make a kite | A kite is going to get made by Mike |
| Future Continuous | Mike will be making a kite | A kite will be getting made by Mike |
| Future Perfect | Mike will have made a kite | A kite will have got made by Mike |
E. Contoh Perubahan Active Voice ke Passive Voice
Perhatikan contoh perubahan Active voice ke Passive voice berikut ini. sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas, active voice atau kalimat aktif memiliki verb (kata kerja) yang bermakna/berawalam “me- atau ber-“ sedangkan passive voice atau kalimat pasif memiliki verb (kata kerja) yang bermakna/berawalan “di- atau ter-“.
a) Kalimat Positif (Positive)
| Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Simple Present | Mila buys a book. | A book is bought by Mila |
| 2. Present Continuous | Mila is buying a book. | A book is being bought by Mila |
| 3. Present Perfect | Mila has bought a book. | A book has been bought by Mila |
| 4. Present Perfect Continuous | Mila has been buying a book. | A book has been being bought by Mila |
| 5. Simple Past | Mila bought a book. | A book was bought by Mila |
| 6. Past Continuous | Mila was buying a book. | A book was being bought by Mila |
| 7. Past Perfect | Mila had bought a book. | A book had been bought by Mila |
| 8. Past Perfect Continuous | Mila had been buying a book. | A book had been being bought by Mila |
| 9. Simple Future | Mila will buy a book. | A book will be bought by Mila |
| 10. Future Continuous | Mila will be buying a book. | A book will be being bought by Mila |
| 11. Future Perfect | Mila will have bought a book. | A book will have been bought by Mila |
| 12. Future Perfect Continuous | Mila will have been buying a book. | A book will have been being bought by Mila |
| 13. Simple Past Future | Mila would buy a book. | A book would be bought by Mila |
| 14. Past Future Continuous | Mila would be buying a book. | A book would be being bought by Mila |
| 15. Past Future Perfect | Mila would have bought a book. | A book would have been bought by Mila |
| 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous | Mila would have been buying a book. | A book would have been being bought by Mila |
| 17. Modals | Mila can buy a book | A book can be bought by Mila |
| Mila could buy a book | A book could be bought by Mila | |
| Mila may buy a book | A book may be bought by Mila | |
| Mila might buy a book | A book might be bought by Mila | |
| Mila must buy a book | A book must be bought by Mila | |
| Mila ought to buy a book | A book ought to be bought by Mila | |
| Mila is going to buy a book | A book is going to be bought by Mila | |
| Mila is able to buy a book | A book is able to be bought by Mila | |
| Mila is supposed to buy a book | A book is supposed to be bought by Mila |
b) Kalimat Negatif (Negative)
| Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Simple Present | Mila doesn’t buy a book. | A book isn’t bought by Mila |
| 2. Present Continuous | Mila isn’t buying a book. | A book isn’t being bought by Mila |
| 3. Present Perfect | Mila hasn’t bought a book. | A book hasn’t been bought by Mila |
| 4. Present Perfect Continuous | Mila hasn’t been buying a book. | A book hasn’t been being bought by Mila |
| 5. Simple Past | Mila didn’t buy a book. | A book wasn’t bought by Mila |
| 6. Past Continuous | Mila wasn’t buying a book. | A book wasn’t being bought by Mila |
| 7. Past Perfect | Mila hadn’t bought a book. | A book hadn’t been bought by Mila |
| 8. Past Perfect Continuous | Mila hadn’t been buying a book. | A book had been being bought by Mila |
| 9. Simple Future | Mila will not buy a book. | A book will not be bought by Mila |
| 10. Future Continuous | Mila will not be buying a book. | A book will not be being bought by Mila |
| 11. Future Perfect | Mila will not have bought a book. | A book will not have been bought by Mila |
| 12. Future Perfect Continuous | Mila will not have been buying a book. | A book will not have been being bought by Mila |
| 13. Simple Past Future | Mila would not buy a book. | A book would not be bought by Mila |
| 14. Past Future Continuous | Mila would not be buying a book. | A book would not be being bought by Mila |
| 15. Past Future Perfect | Mila would not have bought a book. | A book would not have been bought by Mila |
| 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous | Mila would not have been buying a book. | A book would not have been being bought by Mila |
| 17. Modals | Mila cannot buy a book | A book cannot be bought by Mila |
| Mila could not buy a book | A book could be bought by Mila | |
| Mila may not buy a book | A book may not be bought by Mila | |
| Mila might not buy a book | A book might not be bought by Mila | |
| Mila must not buy a book | A book must be bought by Mila | |
| *Mila ought not to buy a book | *A book ought not to be bought by Mila | |
| *Mila isn’t going to buy a book | *A book isn’t going to be bought by Mila | |
| *Mila isn’t able to buy a book | *A book isn’t able to be bought by Mila | |
| *Mila isn’t supposed to buy a book | *A book isn’t supposed to be bought by Mila |
*Contoh active & passive voice dengan Phrasal modal. Beberapa auxiliary verb disingkat atau dikontraksi.
c) Kalimat Pertanyaan (Interrogative)
| Tenses | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Simple Present | Does Mila buy a book? | Is a book bought by Mila? |
| 2. Present Continuous | Is Mila buying a book? | Is A book being bought by Mila? |
| 3. Present Perfect | Has Mila bought a book? | Has a book been bought by Mila? |
| 4. Present Perfect Continuous | Has Mila been buying a book? | Has a book been being bought by Mila? |
| 5. Simple Past | Did Mila buy a book? | Was book bought by Mila? |
| 6. Past Continuous | Was Mila buying a book? | Was a book being bought by Mila? |
| 7. Past Perfect | Had Mila bought a book? | Had a book been bought by Mila? |
| 8. Past Perfect Continuous | Had Mila been buying a book? | Had a book been being bought by Mila? |
| 9. Simple Future | Will Mila buy a book? | Will a book be bought by Mila? |
| 10. Future Continuous | Will Mila be buying a book? | Will a book be being bought by Mila? |
| 11. Future Perfect | Will Mila have bought a book? | Will a book have been bought by Mila? |
| 12. Future Perfect Continuous | Will Mila have been buying a book? | Will a book have been being bought by Mila? |
| 13. Simple Past Future | Would Mila buy a book? | Would a book be bought by Mila? |
| 14. Past Future Continuous | Would Mila be buying a book? | Would A book be being bought by Mila? |
| 15. Past Future Perfect | Would Mila have bought a book? | Would a book have been bought by Mila? |
| 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous | Would Mila have been buying a book? | Would A book have been being bought by Mila? |
| 17. Modals | Can Mila buy a book? | Can a book be bought by Mila? |
| Could Mila buy a book? | Could a book be bought by Mila? | |
| May Mila buy a book? | May a book be bought by Mila? | |
| Might Mila buy a book? | Might a book be bought by Mila? | |
| Must Mila buy a book? | Must a book be bought by Mila? | |
| Ought Mila to buy a book? | Ought a book to be bought by Mila? | |
| Is Mila going to buy a book? | Is a book going to be bought by Mila? | |
| Is Mila able to buy a book? | Is a book able to be bought by Mila? | |
| Is Mila supposed to buy a book? | Is a book supposed to be bought by Mila? |
See also:
5. Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary Verb
6. Kinds of Tense: Present Tense
8. Kinds of Tense: Future Tense
9. Kinds of Tense: Past Future Tense
Demikian tadi sekilas penjelasan Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas IX Semester 2 terkait “Passive Voice”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Terima kasih...
