Pembahasan TOEFL Test Part 10 B The Written Expression "Problems With The Use Of The Verb"

 

TOEFL PART 10 B

THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTIONS

“PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF THE VERB”

 

Banyak permasalahan beragam pada penggunaan verb tense yang benar pada bahasa Inggris. Namun, terdapat 4 permasalahan khusus yang seringkali terjadi pada tes TOEFL, jadi Anda perlu memerhatikan hal-hal berikut yaitu: (1) Mengetahui Kapan Menggunakan Past dan Present, (2) Menggunakan Have dan Had dengan Benar, (3) Menggunakan Tense yang Benar dengan Keterangan Waktu, dan (4) Menggunakan Tense yang Benar dengan Will dan Would.

 

 

Skill 35 Use The Correct Tense With Time Expressions (Menggunakan Tense yang Benar dengan Keterangan Waktu)

 

Seringkali dalam pertanyaan written expression pada tes TOEFL, keterangan waktu menunjukkan dengan jelas veb tense yang diperlukan pada sebuah kalimat.

1. We moved to New York in 1980.

2. We had left there by 1990.

3. We have lived in San Francisco since 1999.

Pada contoh ke-1, keterangan waktu “in 1980” menunjukkan bahwa verb harus simple past (moved). Pada contoh ke-2, keterangan waktu “by 1990” menunjukkan bahwa verb harus past perfect (had left). Pada contoh ke-3, keterangan waktu “since 1999” menunjukkan bahwa verb harus present perfect (have lived).

          Beberapa keterangan waktu tambahan yang secara jelas menunjukkan tense yang benar yaitu ago, last, and lately.

1. She got a job two years ago.

2. She started working last week.

3. She has worked very hard lately.

Pada contoh ke-1, keterangan waktu “two years ago” menunjukkan bahwa verb harus simple past (got). Pada contoh ke-2, keterangan waktu “last week” menunjukkan bahwa verb harus simple past (started). Pada contoh ke-3, keterangan waktu “lately” menunjukkan bahwa verb harus present perfect (has worked).

 

Perlu diingat!!!

Using Correct Tenses With Time Expressions
Past Perfect	Simple Past	Present Perfect
By (1920)	(two years) ago Last (year) In (1920)	Since (1920) Lately

 

EXERCISE 35

Each of the following sentences contains a time expression. Underline the verbs and decide if the meanings are logical. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.    The phone rang incessantly last night. (....)

2.    They have finished contacting everyone by 4:00 yesterday. (....)

3.    The Pilgrims have arrived in the New World in 1620. (....)

4.    Since the new law was passed, it has been difficult to estimate taxes. (....)

5.    The cashier put the money into the account two hours ago. (....)

6.    All the votes have been counted last week. (....)

7.    The students are writing many compositions lately. (....)

8.    The Senate votes on the law to ban cigarette smoking in public in 1990. (....)

9.    By the time the main course was served, all the guests had arrived and been seated. (....)

10. I had not done much more work since I talked to you on Wednesday. (....)

 

Key Answer

1.    The phone rang incessantly last night. (C)

2.    They have finished contacting everyone by 4:00 yesterday. (I) -> “have finished” seharusnya past perfect (had finished).

3.    The Pilgrims have arrived in the New World in 1620. (I) -> “have arrived” seharusnya simple past (arrived).

4.    Since the new law was passed, it has been difficult to estimate taxes. (C)

5.    The cashier put the money into the account two hours ago. (C)

6.    All the votes have been counted last week. (I) -> “have been counted” seharusnya passive simple past (were counted). 

7.    The students are writing many compositions lately. (I) -> “are writing” seharusnya present perfect (have written).

8.    The Senate votes on the law to ban cigarette smoking in public in 1990. (I) -> “votes” seharusnya simple past (voted)

9.    By the time the main course was served, all the guests had arrived and been seated. (I) -> “been” seharusnya dihilangkan.

10. I had not done much more work since I talked to you on Wednesday. (I) -> “had” seharusnya have.

 

 

Skill 36 Use The Correct Tense With WillAnd Would (Menggunakan Tense yang Benar dengan Will dan Would)

 

Kombinasi verb tertentu sangat umum dalam bahasa Inggris. Salah satu kombinasi tersebut adalah simple present dan will.

I know that they will arrivesoon.

It is certain that he will graduate.

 

Kombinasi lainnya yang cukup umum adalah kombinasi simple past dan would.

I knew that he would arrive.

It was certain that he would graduate.

 

Penting untuk menekankan bahwa pada kombinasi yang telah dibahas di sini, present harus dengan will dan past harus dengan would; mereka umumnya tidak dapat saling dipadukan.

          Kesalahan yang umum yang harus dihindari adalah kombinasi past dengan will dan kombinasi present dengan would.

I know that he would* arrive soon.

It was certain that he will* graduate.

 

Pada contoh ke-1, present “know” tidak logis dengan “would”. Kalimat tersebut dapat dibenarkan menjadi 2 cara yang berbeda.

I knew that he would* arrive soon.

I know that he will* arrive soon.

 

Pada contoh ke-2, past “was” tidak logis dengan “will”. Kalimat tersebut dapat dibenarkan menjadi 2 cara yang berbeda.

It was certain that he would* graduate.

It is certain that he will* graduate.

 

Perlu diingat!!!

Using Correct Tenses with Will and Would
Verb	Arti	Kegunaan
Will	Sesudah present (masa kini)	Jangan gunakan dengan past
Would	Sesudah past (masa lalu)	Jangan gunakan dengan present
Catatan: Ada penggunaan yang berbeda dari modal “would” yang digunakan untuk membuat polite request (permohonan yang sopan). Tipe “would” ini sering digunakan dengan present tense. I would like to know if you have a pencil that I could borrow.

 

EXERCISE 36

Each of the following sentences contains will or would. Underline the verbs and decide if the meanings are logical. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.    He knew that he will be able to pass the exam. (....)

2.    I think that I will leave tomorrow. (....)

3.    Paul did not say when he will finish the project. (....)

4.    Jake doubts that he would have time to finish the project. (....)

5.    I know that I will go If I can afford it. (....)

6.    The police officer indicated that he would write a ticket if he has the time. (....)

7.    Students will often study in the library before they go to classes or before they go home. (....)

8.    He told me that he thought he will get the job in spite of his lack of education. (....)

9.    The executive vice president emphasizes at the conference that the board would not change its position. (....)

10. Students will register for classes according to who has the highest number of units. (....)

 

Key Answer

1.    He knew that he will be able to pass the exam. (I) -> “knew” seharusnya diikuti oleh would be. Atau “know” diikuti dengan will be.

2.    I think that I will leave tomorrow. (C)

3.    Paul did not say when he will finish the project. (I) -> “didn’t say” seharusnya diikuti dengan would finish. Atau “doesn’t say” diikuti dengan will finish.

4.    Jake doubts that he would have time to finish the project. (I) -> “doubts” seharusnya diikuti dengan will have. Atau “doubted” diikuti dengan would have.

5.    I know that I will go If I can afford it. (C)

6.    The police officer indicated that he would write a ticket if he has the time. (I) -> “has” seharusnya had.

7.    Students will often study in the library before they go to classes or before they go home. (C)

8.    He told me that he thought he will get the job in spite of his lack of education. (I) -> “will get” seharusnya would get.

9.    The executive vice president emphasizes at the conference that the board would not change its position. (I) “emphasizes” seharusnya diikuti dengan will not change. Atau “emphasized” diikuti dengan would not change.

10. Students will register for classes according to who has the highest number of units. (C)

 

EXERCISE (Skills 33 – 36)

Underline the verbs in the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.    When he receives the money from the insurance company two days ago, he had already rebuilt the house. (....)

2.    The position of the city council will be filled next week when the electorate votes. (....)

3.    The dentist fills the cavities every time the x-rays show that it was necessary. (....)

4.    When the bell rang, the students have left the class. (....)

5.    The space shuttle would be launched next month if the weather is good. (....)

6.    The special delivery package has arrived by noon yesterday. (....)

7.    It is probable that the students who were tested yesterday were quite successful. (....)

8.    After forty-five students had signed up for the class, the class was closed. (....)

9.    The parking at the arena was inadequate for the tremendous number of drivers who will want to parkk there. (....)

10.  They have not returned to Rhode Island since they left in 1970. (....)

 

Key Answer

1.    When he receives the money from the insurance company two days ago, he had already rebuilt the house. (I) -> “receives” seharusnya simple past (received).

2.    The position of the city council will be filled next week when the electorate votes. (C)

3.    The dentist fills the cavities every time the x-rays show that it was necessary. (I) -> “was” seharusnya present (is).

4.    When the bell rang, the students have left the class. (I) -> “rang” harus diikuti dengan past perfect (had left). Atau “rings” diikuti degan present perfect (have left).

5.    The space shuttle would be launched next month if the weather is good. (I) -> “would” seharusnya will bersamaan dengan present tense (is).

6. The special delivery package has arrived by noon yesterday. (I) -> “has arrived” seharusnya past perfect (had arrived).

7.    It is probable that the students who were tested yesterday were quite successful. (C)

8.    After forty-five students had signed up for the class, the class was closed. (C)

9.    The parking at the arena was inadequate for the tremendous number of drivers who will want to park there. (I) -> “was” seharusnya present (is).

10.  They have not returned to Rhode Island since they left in 1970.(C)

 

 

EXERCISE (Skills 33 – 36)

Choose the letter of the word or group of words that is not correct.

1.    In (A) several of his painting, Edward Hicks depicted the Quaker farm in Pennsylvania (B) where he (C) spends (D) his youth.

2.    Florida (A) has become the (B) twenty-seventh (C) state (D) in the United States on March 3, 1845.

3.    After (A) last week’s meeting, the advertising department quickly (B) realizedthat the product (C) will (D) need a new slogan.

4.    John F. (A) Kennedy’s grandfather, John F. Fitsgerald, (B) serves two terms (C) as the mayor of Boston (D) in the beginning of the twentieth century.

5.    Fort Ticonderoga, a strategically important fortification during the Revolution, (A) had since (B) been (C) reconstructed and (D) turnedinto a museum.

6.    In (A) making their calculations, Institute researchers assume that (B) the least costly form of energy (C) would be (D) used.

7.    A twenty-one-year-old man (A) became the second casualty (B) whenhe (C) loses (D) control of his truck.

8.    Most people (A) had (B) written with quill (C) pens untill penswith metal points (D) become popular in the middle of the nineteenth century.

9.    In a (A) determined drive to pare (B) its debt, Time Warner is launching a (C) stock offering plan that (D) would potentially raise$2.8 billion.

10. The formula (A) used in the study calls (B) for either peroxide or metaldehyde, (C) but metaldehyde (D) was not always available.

 

Key Answer

1.    C, spends => spent 2.    A, has become => became 3.    C, will => would 4.    B, serves => served 5.    A, had => has

6.    C, would => will 7.    C, loses => lost 8.    D, become => became 9.    D, would => will 10.        D, was => is

 

 

Source

Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test

See also:

1.    Part of Speech: Verb

2.    Part of Speech: Adverb

3.    Passive Voice

4.    Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary

5.    Kinds of Tense: Present Tense

6.    Kinds of Tense: Past Tense

7.    Kinds of Tense: Future Tense

8.    Kinds of Tense: Past Future Tense

9.    TOEFL Part 6 The Structure & Written Questions

10. TOEFL Part 7 The Structure & Written Questions

11. TOEFL Part 8 The Structure & Written Questions

12. TOEFL Part 9 The Structure & Written Questions

13. TOEFL Part 10 The Structure & Written Questions Part A & Part B

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Demikian tadi sekilas Penjelasan TOEFL Test Part 10 terkait Structure & Written Expression “Problems With The Use Of The Verb”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris; serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.

Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca berkaitan dengan konteks atau isi tulisan sehingga nantinya hal tersebut dapat penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi untuk melakukan perbaikan dan pengembangan tulisan berikutnya. Terima kasih ;)