Posted by M. Riskiyanto
CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
(TEKS DESKRIPTIF)
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Kelas : VII (TUJUH)
Semester : 2 / Genap
Kompetensi Dasar :
3.7 membandingkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks deskriptif lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait dengan deskripsi orang, binatang, dan benda, sangat pendek dan sederhana, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
4.7.1 menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks deskriptif lisan dan tulis, sangat pendek dan sederhana, terkait orang, binatang, dan benda.
4.7.2 menyusun teks deskriptif lisan dan tulis, sangat pendek dan sederhana, terkait orang, binatang, dan benda, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan, secara benar dan sesuai konteks.
A. Descriptive Text
1. Pengertian Descriptive Text
Descriptive text (to describe: mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan) adalah sebuah teks yang menjelaskan atau menggambarkan tentang suatu hal, seperti seseorang, benda, hewan, tumbuhan, tempat dan sebagainya secara rinci. Descriptive text mendeskripsikan bentuk, sifat-sifat, jumlah, karakteristik, kualitas, dan lain-lain yang terdapat pada seseorang, benda, hewan, tumbuhan, tempat dan sebagainya. Oleh karena itu, Descriptive text ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan, menggambarkan atau mengungkapkan seseorang, benda, atau tempat secara detail atau rinci agar pembaca dapat memahami dan merasakan dari segi visual (tampak) ataupun non visual (tidak tampak) pada .
2. Fungsi Sosial Descriptive Text
Social function atau fungsi sosial dari descriptive text ini yaitu untuk untuk menggambarkan atau menceritakan orang, tempat atau benda tertentu secara detail sehingga seolah-olah pembaca dapat melihat atau merasakan objek tersebut (to describe or to tell in details about someone, something, or place as if the readers can see or feel the object).
3. Struktur Umum Descriptive Text
a. Identification
Bagian identification berisi pendahuluan dan gambaran umum tentang suatu topik atau objek yang dideskripsikan. Identification berfungsi sebagai pengenalan dari apa yang kita sedang jelaskan supaya para pembaca atau pendengar tidak salah mengerti. Misalnya penulis menceritakan terkait kucing maka ia perlu menceritakan tentang kucing tersebut.
b. Description
Bagian description berisi ciri-ciri khusus dari segi visual atau non-visual dan sifat-sifat yang terdapat dalam benda, orang, binatang, atau tempat yang sedang penulis jelaskan. Description ini disebut juga sebagai penjelasan rinci objek yang dideskripsikan, jadi hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan objek akan diceritakan pada bagian ini.
4. Ciri-Ciri Kebahasaan Descriptive Text
§ Menggunakan Simple Present Tense. Tenses ini digunakan karena dalam descriptive text kita akan menjelaskan suatu fakta atau kebenaran yang terdapat dalam suatu hal atau orang. Simple present tense ditandai dengan penggunaan: 1) to be, seperti is, am, atau are, 3) Verb-1 (base form) atau Verb-s/es, dan 2) auxiliary verb (kat kerja bantu), seperti do atau does yang digunakan pada kalimat tanya atau negatif;
§ Menggunakan banyak Adjective (kata sifat). Kata Adjective digunakan karena dalam descriptive text kita akan menjelaskan sifat - sifat dari suatu benda, manusia, binatang, atau tempat;
§ Terdapat banyak kata to be, seperti "is, am, atau are". Be disebut juga sebagai relating/linking verb karena merupakan penghubung antara subjek dengan objek. Kemudian, 'is, am, atau are' disini biasanya diartikan 'adalah' yang mengarahkan pada penjelasan benda, orang atau binatang yang sedang kita jelaskan (meskipun demikian be “is, am, atau are” umunya tidak memiliki arti);
§ Descriptive text hanya fokus pada satu objek yang dideskripsikan.
*Catatan:
Simple Past Tense juga dapat digunakan jika terdapat informasi, fakta, atau bukti di masa lampau (sejarah).
5. Contoh Descriptive Text
a. Descriptive Text “Joko Widodo”
| Joko Widodo | Identification |
| Jokowi was nominated by his party, the Indonesian PDI Perjuangan, to run in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (often known as Ahok) as his running mate. Jokowi was elected as Governor of Jakarta on 20 September 2012 after a second round runoff election in which he defeated the incumbent governor Fauzi Bowo. Jokowi's win was widely seen as reflecting popular voter support for "new" or "clean" leaders rather than the "old" style of politics in Indonesia. His nomination as PDI-P candidate for the 2014 presidential election was announced on 14 March 2014. The presidential election was held on 9 July 2014. After some controversy about the result of the election, Jokowi was named as president-elect on 22 July. He was formally declared as the winner of the election by the General Elections Commission (Komisi Pemilihan Umum or KPU), winning more than 53% of the vote over his opponent, Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome and withdrew from the race before the count was completed. Joko Widodo, who was awarded third pace in the 2012 World Mayor Project, became the elected governor of Jakarta in October 2012 after serving as mayor of Surakarta (Solo) since 2005. During his time as Mayor of Surakarta, Joko Widodo (Jokowi) turned the crime-ridden city into a regional centre for arts and culture, which has started to attract international tourism. His campaign against corruption earned him the description of being the most honest politician in Indonesia. Joko Widodo’s victory over Jakarta’s incumbent governor Fauzi Bowo was largely due to his track record as mayor of his home town and his reputation for honesty and humility. | Description |
b. Descriptive Text “My Cat, Zedva”
| My Cat, Zedva | Identification |
| He enjoys movie in Television , especially chanel those for vichanel and cinemas 24. almost every day of my cat zedva Always watch television, after the feed and Sometimes he ate while watching television. Zedva is as finicky about visitors as he is about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle up against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk and stain your favorite trousers. Zedva does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends. After my guests have fled, I look at the old fleabag snoozing and smiling to himself in front of the television set, and I have to forgive him for his obnoxious, but endearing, habits. Source: https://brechonana.blogspot.com/2015/01/contoh-descriptive-text-bahasa-inggris.html accessed on 9th January 2021 | Description |
c. Descriptive Text “The Eiffel Tower”
| The Eiffel Tower | Identification |
| The tower stands 324 meters (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct. The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants. The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city. | Description |
See also:
1. Kinds of Tense: Present Tense
7. Part of Speech: Conjunction
8. Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary Verb
References:
1. https://www.jagoanbahasainggris.com/2017/04/materi-dan-soal-bahasa-inggris-descriptive-text-kelas-7-smp.html accessed on 22nd December 2020
Demikian tadi sekilas penjelasan Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas VII Semester 2 terkait “Descriptive Text”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Terima kasih...
